HAI Superbugs  

   Clostridium Difficile   

  Anaerobic Bacteria 

 
 Last-Modified:  06/01/06 14:48 - 

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   Clostridium Difficile,  another Superbug  to  rival  MRSA   

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978.                                                                                                                               

                     

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

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The most renowned  HAI  -  a Hospital Acquired Infection,   is the Superbug  MRSA - Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. But, whilst it has received the most consideration and publicity, it only accounts for around 7,000 of the 300,000 Hospital Acquired Infections, each year. MRSA accounts for only 6% of HAI's.

 Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

   Clostridium Difficile   

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978, and it is a Superbug that is more enduring, than MRSA. 

   Patients Killed By New Superbug Strain  

In 2004 in the UK, there were 43,672 cases of Clostridium Difficile, this is an amazing and frightening  two-fold increase from 2001. The continued lack of reasonable  cleanliness in hospitals in the UK, and around the Western World, do nothing to help rid us of these killer-germs. Even though experts stress that much of this proliferation is due to the fact that mandatory reporting of cases was only introduced last year. This means that we have had this condition killing patients for over  thirty years, but successive governments have consider it not relevant enough to inform patient's relatives. Inform them that their loved one died of a Superbug and it was totally unassociated with the reason they were in the hospital in the first place.

2005 - Health care staff and cleaning operatives must use soap and water to get rid of this bug, and hospital wards must be cleaned using more powerful disinfectants than usual, to eradicate the bug, or all it will do is proliferate.

  Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

So perhaps since the seventies, just like MRSA, patients have been going into hospitals to be cured, only to be killed of an erroneous HAI.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

And in 2005, to replace keeping hospitals clean, alcohol - gel dispensers are now provided to sterilize the hands of staff / patients / visitors, at entrances of wards. But the spores of Clostridium Difficile are very hardy, and cannot be destroyed by hand gels, as easily as MRSA.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978.                                                            MRSA   

                     

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

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Bacteria   -   A diverse group of ubiquitous microorganisms all of which consist of only a single cell that lacks a distinct nuclear membrane and has a cell wall of a unique composition. Bacteria are usually classified by means of Gram’s stain, whether or not they require oxygen -  see aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration, and on the basis of shape. A bacterial cell may be spherical - see coccus, rodlike - see bacillus, spiral -  see spirillum, comma-shaped - see vibrio, corkscrew-shaped - see spirochaete -, or filamentous, resembling a fungal cell. 

The majority of bacteria range in size from  0.0001 –  0.0005  mm. Many are motile  - self-propelled motion, under appropriate circumstances, using their flagella to swim. They also possess an outer slimy capsule, and produce resistant spores -  endospores. In general bacteria reproduce only asexually, by simple division of cells, but a few groups undergo a form of sexual reproduction -  conjugation. Bacteria are largely responsible for decay and decomposition of organic matter, producing a cycling of such chemicals as carbon - see carbon cycle, oxygen, nitrogen - see nitrogen cycle, and sulphur. A few bacteria obtain their food by means of photosynthesis, including the blue-green algae, now regarded as bacteria, some are saprophytes, and others are parasites, causing disease. The symptoms of bacterial infections are produced by toxins.

Bactericidal - Bactericides - Capable of killing bacteria. Common bactericides are some antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants. many cleaning products are sold, that claim or state to kill all or 99% of all known germs. There are many antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants that will readily kill bacteria, but may also kill or damage the host you wish to cure. Bleach will kill 99.9% of all known micro-organisms but will also kill any person who hosts the germs, you want to attack.

A toxin/antitoxin kit for the detection of Clostridium Difficile toxin in faecal specimens.

After treatment with antibiotics, many patients develop gastrointestinal problems ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis. Many cases of the milder forms of gastrointestinal illness and most cases of pseudomembranous colitis are caused by Clostridium difficile. The organism is an opportunistic anaerobic bacterium that grows in the intestine once the normal flora has been altered by antibiotics. Clostridium difficile produces two toxins, A and B. Toxin B, often referred to as the cytotoxin, is the toxin detected by the tissue culture assay. The C. difficile Toxin/Antitoxin Kit uses a tissue culture format to detect the presence of cytotoxic activity (cell rounding) in fecal specimens and confirms the identification of C. difficile toxin by using specific antitoxin. Reagents in the kit include toxin control and specific antitoxin.

                     

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

     Learn More, Be More   

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

   HAI Superbugs  

   Clostridium Difficile   

  Anaerobic Bacteria 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

 Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium. A group of anaerobic Bacteria. Anaerobic Bacteria can thrive in the absence of oxygen. There are 100+ species types of Clostridium. They include, the most well know, up and coming Superbug, Clostridium Difficile, but also the lesser known Clostridium Perfringens, AKA, Clostridium Welchii, and Clostridium Botulinum.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile is one of the most common causes of infection in the US, affecting the large bowel / Colon. Clostridium Difficile is an obligate anaerobic or micro-aerophilic, gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacillus. Many millions of people become victims yearly. Ironically, patients taking antibiotics are at risk of becoming infected with Clostridium Difficile, because antibiotics disrupt the normal active and friendly bacteria of the bowel, allowing Clostridium Difficile bacteria to take their place, and become established in the colon. However, many persons infected with Clostridium Difficile can have no symptoms. 

 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

These people become carriers of the bacteria and can infect others. In most other people, a biological poison is produced, that causes vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration  and stomach pains. Along with severe inflammation of the colon and a fever. The body's attempt at fighting these invaders, also causes an elevated white blood count.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

In severely affected patients, the inner lining of the colon becomes severely inflamed, a condition called pseudo-membranous colitis. In acute cases, the walls of the colon deteriorate away and perforation develops, which can lead to a life-threatening infection. See below.

Once you have it and the sometimes unbearable symptoms, it is nearly impossible to get rid of, and will always leave you with a more sensitive stomach, that will be prone to diarrhea, for the rest of your life.

 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Toilet Paper - USA…1857 - New Yorker Joseph C. Gayetty produced the first packaged bathroom tissue in the United States in 1857 - The average person in the Western World use 57 sheets of toilet paper each day.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal, colitis characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

Clostridium Difficile is also very difficult to eradicate from the ward environment, which means it is easy for other patients to become infected. The organism is now endemic, meaning always present, within this group. This is a euphemism, for unable to rid, and acknowledged, as purely an occupational hazard, irrespective of the many deaths involved. 

Keeping patients contained involves measures such as ensuring all affected patients are in the same ward, and preventing them from moving around the hospital and potentially spreading the infection to others.

Patients taking antibiotics, such as clindamycin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin, are at risk of becoming infected with Clostridium Difficile. Antibiotics disrupt the normal bacteria of the bowel, allowing Clostridium Difficile bacteria to become established in the colon. The chief risk factor for the disease is prior exposure to antibiotics. 

This means that patients contracting the Clostridium Difficile bacteria, which is sometimes almost certain, may get only mild symptoms, but still given antibiotics. This may ironically bring on severe symptoms of acute diarrhea etc, and possible death. Strangely this is because the stomach is only so big and can hold / accommodate only so many billion bacteria. By far, these will be good bacteria, like:

  • Lactobacillus acidophilus........  1.85 billion PLUS
  • Bifidobacterium bifidum.........     .70 billion PLUS
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus
  • Lactobacillus plantarum
  • Bifidobacterium infantis
  • Lactobacillus salivarius
  • Lactobacillus bulgaricus
  • Lactobacillus casei
  • Lactobacillus brevis
  • Streptococcus thermophilus...   2.45 billion PLUS
  • Inulin

Prescribed antibiotics will destroy good bacteria that supports good health, because Clostridium Difficile is so hardy and resistant. This then leaves space for the Clostridium Difficile to multiply to take the place of the good bacteria. A by-product of the Clostridium Difficile produces poisonous toxins that make the patient very ill.

 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

A prolonged course of antibiotics or the use of two or more antibiotics in combination increases the risk of Clostridium Difficile. The cephalosporin antibiotics are the leading instigators of Clostridium Difficile. In most other people, a biological poison is produced, that causes vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration  and stomach pains.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

  Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

 Other factors that can reduce good bacteria:

  • Antibiotics
  • Stress
  • Steroids
  • Poor Diet
  • Aging
  • Environmental Pollutants
  • Infections
  • Alcohol
  • Clothing
  • Vaginal Hygiene

Many of these can be experienced in a hospital or institution.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

 

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

This is the gut of a 84 year old women, a resident of an old people's home. Confirmed with a germ culture, the picture shows the infection cased by Clostridium Difficile indicating an inflammation, and small characteristic white bulges of the mucous membrane. 

The picture was taken during an  endoscope inspection to the stomach mucous membrane of the upper alimentary canal.   

Presence of the anti-bacterial medicine dosage which preceded the outbreak is unclear.

Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

In 2003 and 2004, Clostridium Difficile spread through hospitals in Quebec and Alberta and contributed to the deaths of 100 patients, mainly older patients, in one institution alone. The rate of patients contracting Clostridium Difficile increased from 2.1 cases per 1,000 admissions in 2002 to 10 per 1,000 in 2003 and the upward trend continued in 2004.

The treatment of Clostridium Difficile diarrhea, includes drastic re-hydration and administration of an antibiotic to which the bacteria are sensitive. Passive immuno-therapy using pooled normal human immune globulin, which contains IgG antibody against toxin A, is effective in treating recurrent or refractory Clostridium Difficile diarrhea. This reflects the fact that an inadequate immune response to Clostridium Difficile predisposes patients to severe, prolonged and recurrent Clostridium Difficile diarrhea.

 

 Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

In 2005, following a pattern seen in other Superbugs, a  new and more virulent strain of a potentially fatal hospital infection is being seen in the NHS.

At one internationally famous hospital, 12 patients have died, and over 300 have been infected since 2003. Clostridium Difficile, which causes severe diarrhea, mainly affects elderly people, although the new strain has also affected younger patients.

Health experts said measures to stop the bug spreading amongst patients have been introduced. It usually affects the elderly, and can prove fatal if antibiotic treatment fails to kill all the spores in the gut, and they take hold again even before the patient's own gut bacteria has had chance to mount a resistance.

  Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978. 

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Click Here To Listen To A Fine Collection of Classic Pieces by Fine Classical Composers John Winston Lennon, an icon of idealism, creativity and hope, was born on October 9, 1940 to a dysfunctional, working-class Liverpool family. He was born during an air raid from the German Air Force, in WWII. So pleased that he and his mother had survived, they chose his second name as Winston, after the great war-leader Churchill. Athlete's Foot is a skin condition caused by a fungus, that typically occurs between the toes. This picture is the classic condition, and very common. It is also at a stage where it is being restrained, not cured, only by being kept reasonably clean. WE HAVE A CURE. John Lennon - The Beatles - Why Not Use SURF & LISTEN - Click On POP !
Sahara desert Facts - The Sahara Desert is a great desert area, North Africa, the West portion of the broad belt of parched land that extends from the Atlantic Ocean eastward past the Red Sea to Iraq. The entire desert, the largest in the world, is about 1600 km wide and about 5000 km long from East to West. Three thousand acres of life-giving plants are still eaten away by some circumstance every hour of every day. That is FIVE ACRES at every sweep of this clock. - CAN YOU HELP? Greenhouse Effect - An effect occurring in the atmosphere because of the presence of certain gases - Greenhouse Gases - water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide, that absorb infrared radiation. Short-Wave Light and ultraviolet radiation from the sun are able to penetrate the atmosphere and warm the earth’s surface. This energy is re-radiated as infrared radiation, which, because of its longer wavelength, is absorbed by such substances as carbon dioxide, instead of passing through. The overall effect is that the average temperature of the earth and its atmosphere is increasing - the so-called Global Warming or ultimately the Global Ending Syndrome. Forest Land - Forest covered with trees and undergrowth. Over 20% of the Earth's land-surface is forest, providing valuable oxygen, timber, and habitats for wildlife. Northern coniferous forests consist largely of pine, spruce, and firs. Anthrax is principally a disease of domesticated and wild mammals, particularly herbivorous animals, such as cattle, sheep, horses, mules, and goats. Humans become infected almost incidentally when brought into contact with diseased animals, which can include their flesh, bones, hides, hair and excrement, or anywhere the germ may be lurking.
The Taliban - Persian Tālebān - Students. Also spelled Taleban. An ultra conservative political and religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan in the mid 1990s following the withdrawal of Soviet troops, the collapse of Afghanistan's communist regime, and the subsequent breakdown in civil order. The faction took its name from its membership, which consisted largely of students trained in Madrasah's Islamic religious schools, that were established for Afghan refugees in the1980s in northern Pakistan World Trade Center - A complex of several buildings around a central plaza in New York City that in 2001 was the site of the deadliest terrorist attack in American history. The complex—located at the southwestern tip of Manhattan, near the shore of the Hudson River and a few blocks northwest of Wall Street—was built by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey as a central facility for businesses and government agencies involved in international trade. Until the 2001 attack, it was notable for its huge twin towers, each of which had 110 stories. The roof of One World Trade Center reached to 1,368 feet (417 meters), and Two World Trade Center was 1,362 feet (415 meters) tall. Designed by Minoru Yamasaki and officially opened in 1972, the towers were the world's tallest buildings until surpassed in 1973 by the Sears Tower in Chicago. (See Researcher's Note: Heights of Buildings.) Each of the twin towers had 97 passenger elevators, 21,800 windows, and roughly an acre (0.4 hectare) of rentable space per floor. An observation deck was situated on the 107th floor of the south tower (Two World Trade Center), and a television-broadcasting mast 360 feet (110 meters) high was attached to the north tower (One World Trade Center). THE TAKERS TEST - Every minute of every day millions of people make a hot drink for themselves. Whether it is Tea, Coffee or Hot Chocolate, invariably the process needs WATER and some ENERGY source. Put up your hand, if you did not know this, and also that the planet's WATER and ENERGY sources are dwindling NEW ICE-AGE BY 2080 - READ IT HERE ! !
TERMITES - any of the cellulose-eating social insects that constitute the order Isoptera. Cellulose in this case refers to wood. Termites have for millions of years been eating the majority of fallen trees, dead trees and rotting trees, from all around the world. It is said that the world would be totally covered in a ten meter pile of rotting timber, if it was not for the Termite. BEDBUG - Any member of the approximately 75 species of nocturnal insects of the family Cimicidae - order Heteroptera, that feed by sucking the blood of humans and other warm-blooded animals. The reddish brown, or mahogany adult is broad and flat. It is only 4 to 5 mm, less than 0.2 inch long. The greatly withered, scaly vestigial wings are inconspicuous and non-functioning. You know they are about, when you see you have mysterious bite marks - small red dots. You can also see small telltale black marks, on sheets and mattresses. Bedbugs also have a distinctive oily odor, that results from a secretion of scent from their stink glands. MITES - Any of about 20,000 species of tiny arthropod invertebrates belonging to the subclass Acari - sometimes Acarina, or Acarida, of the class Arachnida. Mites live in varied habitats: in brackish water, in fresh water, in hot springs, in soil, on plants, and as parasites on and in animals. Parasitic forms may live in the nasal passages, lungs, stomach, or deeper body tissues of animals. Some mites are carriers of human and animal diseases. Plant-feeding mites cause damage by feeding on leaf tissues or by transmitting viral diseases. Mites are small, often microscopic in size—the smallest being about 0.1 mm (0.004 inch) in length and the largest being about 6 mm (0.25 inch)—and they usually have four pairs of legs. In general, they breathe by means of tracheae, or air tubes; in many species, however, respiration takes place through the skin Mosquito - A small flying biting insect that could be described as a type of Fly. It lives worldwide, especially in the tropics. It has long legs and a slender abdomen, Culex Forma. In most species the males feed on plant juices or nectar. The females puncture the skin with a long proboscis, to suck the blood of mammals, quite often transmitting serious diseases, including Malaria, Dengue Fever, Encephalitis and Yellow Fever. The mosquito is not strictly a parasite.
THE LOUSE - also called the Body Louse -Pediculus Humanus, one of the most common sucking lice, found wherever human beings live. There are two sub-species of the common human louse: Pediculus Humanus Capitis, the Head Louse, and P. Humanus Humanus, the body louse, or cootie. The body louse is an important carrier of epidemic typhus; other louse-borne human diseases are trench fever and relapsing fever Fleas have been around for millions of years - a fossilized flea found in Australia is said to be 200 million years old. It does not differ significantly from today's fleas. Different species can be found from the Arctic Circle to the Arabian deserts - even penguins have fleas which counteract the cold by ensuring that their growth into adulthood coincides with the time when penguins are sitting firmly on their eggs, thereby keeping both fleas and their young in a warm environment!

MALARIA - A serious, acute and chronic relapsing infection in humans, characterized by periodic attacks of chills and fever, anemia, enlargement of the spleen - splenomegaly, and often fatal complications. Malaria also is found in apes, monkeys, rats, birds, and reptiles. It is caused by various species of protozoa, a one-celled organism - called Sporozoans, that belong to the genus Plasmodium. These parasites are transmitted to humans by the bite of various species of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Anopheles .

 The June Bug - Cotinus Nitida - Linnaeus - Really a Flying Beetle - " I'm coming to get you!! " - Cotinus Nitida - The June Bug, also called May Beetle, or July Bug - Any insect of the genus Phyllophaga, belonging to the widely distributed, plant-feeding subfamily Melolonthinae - family Scarabaeidae, order Coleoptera. These red-brown / green or even orange beetles commonly appear in the Northern Hemisphere during warm spring evenings and are attracted to lights. The heavy-bodied June beetles vary from 12 to 25 mm - 0.5 to 1 inch, and have shiny wing covers (elytra). They feed on foliage and flowers at night, sometimes causing considerable damage. June beetle larvae, called white grubs, are about 25 mm long and live in the soil. They can destroy crops, like, corn [maize], small grains, potatoes, strawberries, and they can kill lawns and pastures by severing the grasses from the roots.
TICK - A widely distributed parasitic arachnid - related to Spiders and Scorpions, that sucks the blood of mammals, reptiles and birds, and may transmit such diseases as Typhus, Lymes Disease and Relapsing Fever. Its round body can be as small as a millimeter, or up to 30 mm long, with eight bristly legs. After feeding, the adults drop off the host and lay eggs on the ground. The larvae attach themselves to a suitable victim, feed, then drop off and molt into nymphs, which repeat the procedure. They have been compared to being similar to the Mite. An insect is a six legged creature, but all of this sized organisms once came from the same ancestor. Meningitis is an infection of the clear plasma-like fluid of a person's spinal cord and the same fluid that surrounds the brain. Meningitis is sometimes referred to as Spinal Meningitis. Meningitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection; itis mean inflammation, so the infection causes an inflammation of these areas. MRSA - PLEASE NOTE THAT MRSA IS NOT A DISEASE. IT IS THE NAME OF A BACTERIA THAT WE NO LONGER HAVE AN ANTIBODY THAT CAN KILL IT. IF ALLOWED INTO THE BODY OF A MAMMAL, IT CAN BRING ON MANY PROBLEMS AND CONDITIONS. THESE CONDITIONS HAVE ALTERNATE NAMES AND SOMETIMES MRSA IS NOT EVEN MENTIONED. PREVIOUS TO THE MRSA STRAIN THESE CONDITIONS WERE CLEARED UP QUITE EASILY WITH PENICILLIN ETC. BUT NOT ANYMORE. READ ON! Asthma is not a new phenomenon, as its recent insurgence would suggest. - Asthma-like symptoms were first recorded around 3500 years ago in an Egyptian manuscript called the Ebers Papyrus. And a word with similar roots as Asthma was also seen in Homer's Iliad. The word comes from the Greek and means Labored Breathing. The word Asthma was first used to describe an illness 500 years later by the famous Greek physician, and father of Medicine, Hippocrates. The Romans also recorded this condition and used various remedies to try and cure it.
SMELLY FEET - Most of the body sweats to keep us cool, and help remove some waste products from the body. Every square cm of the sole of the foot and the palms of your hands have about over 500 sweat pores, totalling 250,000 little holes, that is more than other part of the body, even more that under the arm-pits. Allergy - An abnormal reaction by the body to certain substances, including pollen, dust, certain foods and drugs, fur, moulds, etc. Normally all foreign substances (antigens) entering the body are destroyed by antibodies. Allergic people, however, become hypersensitive to certain antigens (called allergens), so that whenever they are encountered in future they stimulate not only the normal antibody reaction but also the abnormal symptoms of the allergy, such as sneezing and skin rashes. Allergic conditions include hay fever, some forms of asthma and dermatitis, and urticaria. Treatment includes the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids and desensitization. CLONE - also spelled clon population of genetically identical cells or organisms that are derived originally from a single original cell or organism by asexual methods. Cloning is fundamental to most living things, since the body cells of plants and animals are clones ultimately derived from the mitosis of a single fertilized egg. More narrowly, a clone can be defined as an individual organism that was grown from a single body cell of its parent and that is genetically identical to it. STD's - These bacterial and viral infections are related to sex, but of course have historically been associated with oral-sex and the vagina. In most all cases though they can cause some form of bodily infection and are transmitted through some form of sex. HIV/ AIDS is also listed below. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) can often be transmitted even though both partners firmly believe they are infection free. The incubation period of a disease, is the period of time between infection and the appearance of symptoms. So during the incubation period, partners can transfer a virus or bacteria without even knowing.
Hay fever An allergy to pollen, which leads to sneezing, a streaming nose, and inflamed eyes. Treatment involves taking antihistamines or, in severe cases, steroids. - ALLERGIES - hypersensitive reaction by the body to foreign substances - antigens, that in similar amounts and circumstances are harmless within the bodies of other people. Worms, some say, have been around in one form or shape for about 600 million years. We actually share some DNA with all worms. There are perhaps up to 35,000 different types of these legless invertebrates, that we call worms. Some scurry about on the surface of the land, some live just beneath, whilst others bury themselves deep into the Earth's surface. Many live in the sea, and some have been found deep down on the bottom. Some are so small you cannot see them with the naked-eye, others are so big, they could be snakes. An Earthworm can live for ten years, living and eating in our gardens. They have no eyes, or ears and never sleep. Pound for pound, as they are made of mostly muscle they can be 1,000 times stronger than the strongest man, so next time you call a person a worm, think. Clostridium Difficile, is now recognized as the chief cause of HAI - Diarrhea in the US and Europe, and not only in hospitals but also in nursing homes and other facilities for long term care. Initial recognition of this disease began in the 1970s, with reports of a serious, sometimes lethal colitis, characterized by the formation of pseudo-membranous plaques. The cause was identified as Clostridium Difficile in 1978.  STARVING WORLD OF FAMINE - But something can be done; something that would not only help millions of Africa's starving impoverished citizens; not only help facilitate a world financial resurgence but also create a new global environment that might save humanity. It would cost nothing. 
The human papilloma virus - HPV, causes several different types of warts, which are the most common type of skin infection. In some cases, the HPV virus dies within 1 or 2 years, and warts simply disappear. Verrucas, also called Warts, well-defined small growth of varying shape on the skin surface, caused by a virus. The wart is composed of an abnormal proliferation of cells of the epidermis; the overproduction of these cells is caused by the viral infection. The most common type of wart is a round, raised lesion having a dry and rough surface; flat or threadlike lesions are also seen. Warts are usually painless, except for those in pressure areas, such as the plantar warts, or Verrucas, that occur on the sole of the foot. They may occur as isolated lesions or grow profusely, especially in moist regions of the body surface. TRAINING YOUR BIG DOG - How To Train Your Big Dog LISTEN TO VIRGIN RADIO UK - CLICK HERE Huntington's Disease is due to a dominant and faulty genetic disorder on chromosome 4.  The consequence of the fault with this gene starts around or just before middle age,  and leads to a gradual physical, mental and emotional change in its victim. Huntington's Disease was named after the American, Dr. George Huntington, as in 1872 he was the first person to document an accurate description of the symptoms and the route of the disease. - The loss of these cells causes intense symptoms and eventually death. As the condition advances, it becomes more difficult for the patient to walk and speak. Memory and intellectual functions continue to decline, until the end. By far of the majority of patients are placed in hospices for special care.
Acne can affect people from ages 9 through to middle-age. Acne can show up as any of the following; congested pores, whiteheads, blackheads, pimples, pustules, or cysts - deep pimples, spots. These blemishes occur wherever there are many oil or sebaceous glands, mainly on the face, chest, and back. Acne is commonly referred to in slang as zits. PILES - Hemroids and their symptoms are one of the most common afflictions in the Western world. In fact, hemroids can occur at any age and can affect both women and men. Because the presence of hemorrhoidal tissue is normal - it acts as a compressible lining which allows the anus to close completely. Unfortunately, hemroids tend to get worse over time, and disease should be treated as soon as it occurs. ANTS - any member of the approximately 8,000 species of the insect family Formicidae - order Hymenoptera. Ants occur worldwide but are especially common in hot climates. All ants are social in habit; i.e., they live together in organized colonies, and they range in size from 2 to about 25 millimeters, about 0.08 to 1 inch. Their color is usually yellow, brown, red, or black. A few genera, e.g., Pheidole of North America, have a metallic luster. SMELLY FEET - Most of the body sweats to keep us cool, and help remove some waste products from the body. Every square cm of the sole of the foot and the palms of your hands have about over 500 sweat pores, totalling 250,000 little holes, that is more than other part of the body, even more that under the arm-pits.
Gout is one of the most common forms of arthritis - an inflammation of a joint. Due to gravity, it usually affects the first meta-tarsophalangeal joint - your Big Toe. Intense pain can appear over night and you can have fully blown Gout, within 24 hours. Approximately 18% of people who develop gout, have some family history of this condition, and do have higher than average levels due to inherited from a parent. Gout is caused by excess Uric Acid accumulating in the body, normal a waste product that a younger person might dispel quickly. The Uric Acid settles in the joint and crystals are deposited and formed there. - foogle.biz - What, Who, Where, When, Why, Which, Will, How, Do - Gout - joint inflammation. Cholesterol is an integral part of all cell membranes and the starting point for steroid hormones, including the sex hormones. It is broken down by the liver into bile salts, which are involved in fat absorption in the digestive system, and it is an essential component of lipoproteins, which transport fats and fatty acids in the blood. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL-cholesterol, when present in excess, can enter the tissues and become deposited on the surface of the arteries, causing atherosclerosis. - A White, crystalline sterol found throughout the body, especially in fats, blood, nerve tissue, and bile; it is also provided in the diet by foods such as eggs, meat, and butter. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis - hardening of the arteries. - foogle.biz - What, Who, Where, When, Why, Which, Will, How, Do IMMUNITY - The resistance of the body to infection, especially resistance due to antibodies. Babies have passive immunity from antibodies transferred from the mother’s blood through the placenta. Active immunity involves the formation of antibodies after exposure to an antigen - bacteria that invade the body during an infection are antigens. The two different kinds of immune response produced by antibodies involve: white blood cells called T-lymphocytes -produced by the thymus, which produce cells with antibody bound to their surface and are responsible for such reactions as graft rejection; B-lymphocytes, which produce cells that release free antibody into the blood. - Immune System - Immunization - Protective Skin - MRSA. Cooking Outside - The BBQ - Barbeque - Simple Barbecue Tips and Techniques to get a Great Barbecue Meal . Barbecue — noun. 1. A. Meal cooked over charcoal etc. Generally out of doors - outside in the garden / yard. A party / gathering for this.  The grill / fire etc. used for this. verb. (-ues, -ued, -uing) To cook on a barbecue. [Spanish from Haitian] Barbacoas - West Indian name for BBQ - Three Billion barbecues are cooked each year in the USA alone. barbecue, barbcue, outside food, cooking outside, Al Fresco meals. - FOOGLE BUSINESS - www.foogle.biz - What, Who, Where, When, Why, Which, Will, How, Do
Rabies A virus infection of the brain that can affect all warm-blooded animals and may be transmitted to man through the bite of an infected animal (usually a dog). Symptoms, which appear after a period of from ten days to two years, include painful spasms of the throat. Later, the sight of water can induce convulsions (hence the alternative name—hydrophobia, “fear of water”) and the patient eventually dies. Antirabies vaccine and antiserum given immediately after being bitten may prevent the infection from developing. The UK has strict quarantine regulations for imported domestic animals to prevent the disease from reaching Britain. COCKROACHES - Dictyoptera - An order of insects comprising the cockroaches - suborder Blattaria) and the mantids - suborder Mantodea, occurring mainly in tropical regions. Cockroaches are oval and flattened in shape; some have a single well-developed pair of wings, folded back over the abdomen at rest, while in others the wings may be reduced or absent. They are usually found in forest litter, feeding on dead organic matter, but some species, e.g. the American cockroach - Periplaneta Americana, are major household pests, scavenging on starchy foods, fruits, etc. In most species the females produce capsules - the (oothecae containing 16 - 40 eggs. These are either deposited or carried by the female during incubation. Elvis was born Jan. 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Miss., U.S. He died Aug. 16, 1977, in Memphis, Tenn. His name in full was Elvis Aaron Presley or more correctly, Elvis Aron Presley, the popular singer widely known as the King of Rock and Roll. He was one of rock music's most dominant performers from the mid-1950s until the present day and forever.

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